Matthias Thiemann is Full Professor of European Public Policy at Sciences Po. In his research, he investigates the increasing use of the European field of development banking within and outside the European Union to achieve policy goals, both as a policy tool within (climate) and abroad (enlargement). His work has shown how the austerity of the 2010s, combined with the need for support for the Southern and Eastern Periphery led to the enactment of large off-balance sheet investment programs led by the European Investment Bank (Juncker Plan). The subsequent developments enlarged this program abroad and domestically, leading to the EU to heavily lean on the EIB and national development banks to project power. The recent focus of his work is on the governance arrangements between the EU, member states and these banks to understand the modalities of European investment programs.